Feeding & Nutrition
Evidence-based guidance on breastfeeding, formula feeding, and introducing solid foods.
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Nutrition and Healthy Eating
Healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic Food nourishes the body and gives us energy to get through each day. Healthy eating is fundamental to good health and is a key element in healthy human de
Key Points:
- •Source: Health Canada
- •Region: CA
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Young children and food: common questions
What are healthy snacks for young children? raw vegetable sticks, such as cucumber and carrots, on their own or with hummus a plain unsweetened yoghurt with a sliced banana in it a slice of toast w
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
What to feed young children
Like the rest of the family, your toddler needs to eat a variety of foods. Here are some tips on the different sorts of food to offer your child, plus a few it's best to avoid. Fruit and vegetables
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Vitamins for children
The government recommends all children aged 6 months to 5 years are given vitamin supplements containing vitamins A, C and D every day. Babies who are having more than 500ml (about a pint) of infant
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Fussy eaters
It's natural to worry whether your child is getting enough food if they refuse to eat sometimes. But it's perfectly normal for toddlers to refuse to eat or even taste new foods. Do not worry about w
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Foods to avoid giving babies and young children
Babies should not eat much salt, as it's not good for their kidneys. Do not add salt to your baby's food or cooking water, and do not use stock cubes or gravy, as they're often high in salt. Remembe
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Food allergies in babies and young children
Allergies and breastfeeding or formula feeding Exclusive breastfeeding or first infant formula is recommended for around the first 6 months of life. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, you do not n
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Drinks and cups for babies and young children
Solid foods and milk for your baby You should continue to breastfeed or give your baby first infant formula until they're at least 1 year old. Breastfeeding will continue to benefit you and your bab
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Children's food: safety and hygiene
Keep your child safe from food bugs Babies and young children are especially vulnerable to bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Make sure your child isn't put at risk because of the way you prepa
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Baby and toddler meal ideas
If you need some inspiration to help you cook healthy and tasty food for your child, try these meal ideas. These are not suitable as first foods but are fine once your baby is used to eating a wide r
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Help your baby enjoy new foods
Once your baby is eating solids, it's important to give them a wide variety of foods from the 4 main food groups: pulses, meat and other proteins Getting your baby used to eating a variety of foods
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Your baby's first solid foods
When to start introducing solid foods Introducing your baby to solid foods, sometimes called complementary feeding or weaning, should start when your baby is around 6 months old. At the beginning, h
Key Points:
- •Source: National Health Service (NHS)
- •Region: UK
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants: Recommendations from Six to 24 Months
Learn more about the revision process. This statement by the Infant Feeding Joint Working Group provides health professionals with evidence-informed principles and recommendations. Provinces, territo
Key Points:
- •Source: Health Canada
- •Region: CA
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Nutrition for healthy term infants: Recommendations from birth to six months
Learn more about the revision process. This statement by the Infant Feeding Joint Working Group provides health professionals with evidence-informed principles and recommendations. Provinces, territo
Key Points:
- •Source: Health Canada
- •Region: CA
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Nemours KidsHealth® Celebrates 30 Years!
Nemours KidsHealth® (KidsHealth.org) is thrilled to mark a major milestone – its 30th anniversary! Founded on September 1, 1995, by visionary Dr. Neil Izenberg, a renowned (and recently retired) pedia
Key Points:
- •Source: KidsHealth (Nemours)
- •Region: US
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Working and Breastfeeding - Choosing a Child Care Provider - La Leche League International
Going back to work and leaving your baby in someone else’s care can be one of the most difficult parts of returning to work. Choosing the right person and right setting takes care. You want to find a
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Determined to Breastfeed: Three Guatemalan Mothers Share Their Secrets to Combining Work with Breastfeeding
(Spanish version: Determinadas a amamantar: tres madres guatemaltecas comparten sus secretos para combinar el trabajo con la lactancia.) Mothers in Guatemala have the legal right to devote one hour a
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Fighting for Fair Breastfeeding & Expressing Break Laws in South Africa & Across the Globe
After the birth of my son I witnessed the wonders of breastfeeding and was amazed by how breast milk is so much more than just food. It is such a special bond and the central piece to my whole motheri
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Working and Breastfeeding - La Leche League International
You may choose to continue breastfeeding while working outside the home for many reasons – the best food for your baby, antibodies to protect your baby, great way to reconnect when you return from wor
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Weaning: Unexpected - La Leche League International
Were you planning on continuing breastfeeding, but your baby has other ideas? Do you worry baby is trying to wean? First, make sure it isn’t just a nursing strike. Bottles, pacifiers or increased so
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Weaning: I Want To - La Leche League International
Are you thinking about weaning? Your child may be a few weeks or months old, or may be a breastfeeding toddler. Some mothers decide to continue breastfeeding until the baby outgrows the need. This is
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Weaning - How to Stop Breastfeeding
Are you feeling ready to wean completely? Sometimes just cutting back on the amount of times you breastfeed will make you feel better, breastfeeding can sometimes be overwhelming. Breastfeeding is a t
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Weaning - La Leche League International
If your doctor decides you need to take a drug (medicine) for a medical condition, make sure that they know how important it is for you to continue breastfeeding and check to see if a breastfeeding co
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Water Supplements - La Leche League International
Exclusively breastfed babies do not need water supplements – your body makes the perfect milk for your baby, actually changing the composition as he needs more or less water. Giving water to newborn
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Vitamins and Other Nutritional Supplements - La Leche League International
Advertisements, family members and even health professionals often urge mothers to add “something” to baby’s perfect diet of human milk. According to the our comprehensive guidebook, The Womanly Art o
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Vitamin D, Your Baby, and You - La Leche League International
It is a known fact that human milk is the superior infant food. Human milk is the most complete nutritionally, immunologically, and is the only food designed specifically for your baby. Given that it
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Impfungen - La Leche League International
English: Vaccines Gehe zu: Impfungen Gehe zu: Impfungen und stillende Mütter Gehe zu: COVID-19 Impfstoffe in der Stillzeit Gehe zu: Impfungen und das gestillte Baby Gehe zu: Ressourcen Du hast vielle
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Vaccines - La Leche League International
Deutsche: Impfungen Skip to: Vaccines Skip to: Vaccines and the breastfeeding parent Skip to: COVID-19 Vaccines and breastfeeding Skip to: Vaccines and the breastfed baby Skip to: Resources You may h
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
When There Are Two—Breastfeeding Twins
Adapted from a write-up of a discussion on breastfeeding twins by Sarah Gill and Sadie Morrison at the La Leche League Great Britain (LLLGB) Conference on 15 October 2016 in Derby. First published in
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Travel - La Leche League International
Traveling with a baby can be difficult! In many cases, babies travel well. Bringing your baby with you to a special event can be exciting… or nerve-racking! There are a few things many families have
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Transgender & Non-binary Parents - La Leche League International
La Leche League is an international, nonprofit, nonsectarian organisation.1 LLL supports everyone who wants to breastfeed or chestfeed in reaching their goals. We at La Leche League have all nursed o
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Tongue and Lip Ties - La Leche League International
Image source: United States Breastfeeding Committee Are you experiencing pain while breastfeeding, possibly combined with slow weight gain for your baby? While the vast majority of such breastfeeding
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Toddlers - La Leche League International
Toddlers breastfeed for many of the same reasons babies breastfeed: for nutrition, comfort, security, for a way to calm down and for reassurance. Mothers breastfeed their toddlers for many of the same
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Smoking and Breastfeeding - La Leche League International
There are plenty of reasons to quit smoking, both for you and your baby. You’ve probably heard about lots of them from health care providers, friends, family members, or other sources. But even if you
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Tips - La Leche League International
Put baby to the breast to nurse as soon as possible Correct positioning and latch on are very important for preventing sore nipples. Break suction before taking baby off the breast. Offer the least
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Breastfeeding and Thyroidism - La Leche League International
The thyroid is a gland found in the front of your neck. It secretes hormones that play an important part in lactation by regulating prolactin and oxytocin. Thyroid disorders impact a woman’s health i
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Teething - La Leche League International
Of course! Teething can present some new challenges but human milk continues to be the best food for your baby. Sometimes when the teeth are moving under the gums and as they pop through the gums, yo
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Tattoos and Breastfeeding - La Leche League International
In many countries both breastfeeding and tattooing are enjoying a resurgence in popularity.You may be wondering if it safe to breastfeed your baby if you already have a tattoo. You might be thinking o
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Tanning Beds and Fake Tans - La Leche League International
No evidence exists that the use of tanning beds has any effect on human milk or breastfed babies. However some individuals have reported getting burnt nipples and breasts when using tanning beds: this
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
The Role of the Partner in Breastfeeding: How the Support of Dads, Co-Moms and Other People Makes a Difference
A partner’s support can be one of the most important factors for a parent’s breastfeeding success. Partners can have a strong influence on whether mothers choose to breastfeed. [1] For example, in one
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Smell of Stored Human Milk
Is it safe to give it to my baby? Breastmilk is food for your baby and also contains hundreds of components necessary for digestion and the protection of the baby’s health. When breastfeeding directl
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Sleep-training… or not - La Leche League International
Imagine that you’re in your third trimester of pregnancy, and you’re hungry or sleepy a lot of the time. It’s evening, not “time for bed” yet, but you’re sleepy, so you turn in early. And then you
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Sleep: Safe Surface Checklist - La Leche League International
If you are a nonsmoker, sober and unimpaired, a breastfeeding mother, and your baby is healthy and full-term, one his back, lightly dressed, and you both are on a safe surface, the solid research indi
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Safe Sleep for Breastfeeding Babies - La Leche League International
Sleeping with our babies is an instinct as old as motherhood itself. Yet today, some authorities say it’s risky. What are the facts? Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Crib Death, or Cot Death is t
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Safe Sleep 7 Infographic - La Leche League International
We are delighted to publish this revised Safe Sleep 7 infographic in multiple languages. It is based on information in our essential sleep guide, Sweet Sleep – Nighttime and Naptime Strategies for the
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Sleep: Bedshare - La Leche League International
Mothers and babies sleeping together is a normal, healthy, shared instinct as old as humankind. But certain situations can make this normal behavior unsafe. Let’s see what it takes to avoid those situ
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Breastfeeding Skin-to-Skin Helps Baby Build a Healthy Immune System
Have you ever wondered how breastfeeding skin-to-skin can help develop a healthy microbiome for both full-term and premature babies, even in the first few months of life? Immediate skin-to-skin contac
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Skin-to-Skin Contact - La Leche League International
Skin-to-skin contact (also known as SSC) starts while enjoying the bonding time with your newborn baby. The physiologically normal place for a baby to be immediately after birth is in your arms and ag
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Siblings - La Leche League International
When your new baby arrives, sometimes your older child will feel left out. You can reassure your older child they are still loved, with plenty of hugs and kisses. Remind them that they were tiny once,
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
Breastfeeding and Sex - La Leche League International
Will I ever have sex after baby? I am so tired, all I can think about is sleep. I have been holding the baby all day; I am touched out. I am in awe of my body, and I feel empowered. Many parents r
Key Points:
- •Source: La Leche League International
- •Region: Global
- •Evidence-based information for parents
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